Arizaga-Vera et al. (2023)
de la conjunción de otras variables como la política fiscal y en particular de los ingresos fiscales,
del gasto público y del endeudamiento. Los cuales depende básicamente de las exportaciones
petroleras, variables vulnerables a eventos externos.
Palabras claves: dolarización, inflación, crecimiento económico, variables macroeconómicas,
política fiscal Ecuador.
ABSTRACT
The objective of the investigation was to interpret the dollarization process in Ecuador, what were
the events that led public policy makers to such an extent and what have been its main results.
The theoretical developments that support the object of study refer to categories and theories on
dollarization, exchange rate regimes, sociology of money, inflation, economic growth, and fiscal
policy. A comparative theoretical and statistical analysis (1990-2020) of the pre and post
dollarization behavior of the indicators was carried out: macroeconomic, inflationary, productive
sectors, labor market, external sector, monetary-financial sector, budgetary fiscal sector, labor
market and social indicators keys, which show the most outstanding results of the process.
Among the positive aspects, we can point out: Monetary stability with sustained economic growth
basically in the first 14 years of dollarization; better performance of the labor market, mostly not
adequate; improvement in wages and social indicators. Being the most significant achievement
to contain and reduce inflation to one digit. This generated confidence in the different social actors
who, beyond the legal provisions, concentrated the possibility of using money only in the dollar,
consolidating their hegemony in the imaginations and practices of the population. However, GDP
growth does not sustain itself -as evidenced by the crisis that began in 2015 aggravated in 2019-
2020 by covid-19; because dollarization is only a policy strategy and, on the other hand, because
GDP growth is not supported by an exportable productive structure, in turn depends on the
conjunction of other variables such as fiscal policy and in particular on fiscal income, of public
spending and indebtedness. Which basically depends on oil exports, variables that are vulnerable
to external events.
Keywords: dollarization, inflation, economic growth, macroeconomic variables, fiscal policy
Ecuador.
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
A lo largo de su historia, la economía ecuatoriana desempeñó el papel de
proveedor de materias primas según la división internacional del trabajo, y su
dinamismo se caracterizó por el crecimiento cíclico de las exportaciones de una
serie de bienes básicos como el cacao (1866-). 1925), banano (1946-1968) y
aceite (1972-presente). Actualmente, la economía de Ecuador se puede
clasificar como relativamente pequeña, muy dependiente del comercio
internacional y muy injusta.
En este sentido es una economía afectada severamente en su trayectoria cíclica
por una serie de eventos como los shocks tanto de naturaleza exógena como
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