Rivadeneira-Pacheco et al. (2024)
perspectivas valiosas para la formulación de estrategias comerciales efectivas y para promover
un crecimiento económico inclusivo y sostenible.
Palabras claves: Modelo gravitacional, exportaciones, socios, gravedad, PIB.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this work was to estimate a gravity model for New Zealand exports during the
period 2004-2022 in order to establish the influence of economic and commercial variables, both
internal and external, on the trade flow subject to study for the ten most important importing
countries of that country's economy, which are: China, Australia, the United States, the United
Kingdom, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, South Korea and Japan. The type of
research is quantitative, descriptive and correlational in scope using macroeconomic aggregates
in nominal terms and variables of the external sector, with secondary primary information sources.
Among the findings is the fact that a 1% increase in New Zealand's GDP often leads to a decline
in exports, which could be interpreted as a robust domestic economy absorbing more goods or
as a shift in diversification of industries. exports to other international markets. On the other hand,
economic growth in trading partner countries generally increases New Zealand's exports,
highlighting these countries' demand for New Zealand products. It is concluded that the
importance of understanding the interaction between the local economy and global markets and
how economic growth, together with distance and diplomatic relations, shapes the landscape of
international trade. As New Zealand seeks to expand its global market presence, these findings
offer valuable insights for formulating effective business strategies and promoting inclusive and
sustainable economic growth.
Keywords: Gravitational model, exports, partners, severity, GDP.
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
El comercio ha sido históricamente un pilar esencial para la economía de Nueva
Zelandia, representando alrededor del 55% del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB)
antes de la pandemia de COVID-19 a principios de 2020. No obstante, para junio
de 2021, este porcentaje disminuyó al 44%, impactado significativamente por la
pandemia que afectó duramente a sectores clave como el turismo y la educación
internacional, debido al cierre de fronteras y la reducción de los viajes
internacionales. Actualmente, el comercio se posiciona como el principal motor
para la recuperación económica post-COVID-19 en Nueva Zelandia,
desempeñando un rol crucial en el cumplimiento de los objetivos
gubernamentales de fomentar un crecimiento económico inclusivo, incrementar
la productividad y transitar hacia una economía libre de emisiones de carbono
(OMC, 2022).