Impact of qualitative improvements in rural housing on overall well-being: evidence from the province of Azuay, Ecuador

Abstract

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v9i17.0426

ABSTRACT

This study addresses the problem of the qualitative housing deficit affecting rural households living in extreme poverty in the province of Azuay, Ecuador, which directly impacts health, well-being, and social cohesion. The objective was to analyze the multidimensional impact of qualitative housing improvement as a strategy for reducing social inequalities. A mixed-methods approach with a descriptive-explanatory scope was adopted, integrating structured surveys, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation to evaluate technical interventions such as the replacement of dirt floors with concrete and the progressive improvement of basic services. The results show a significant reduction in respiratory diseases, parasitic infections, and skin conditions, as well as improvements in domestic practices, hygiene habits, and spatial organization. Additionally, a strengthening of social cohesion was identified through participatory mechanisms such as collective community work (“minga”). It is concluded that adequate housing goes beyond its physical dimension, constituting a critical social determinant of well-being and a fundamental human right whose guarantee requires comprehensive public policies oriented toward sustainable territorial development.

Keywords: rural housing; extreme poverty; public health; territorial development; social cohesion.